不同剂型的毒死蜱对家蚕的急性毒性评价

为明确毒死蜱对家蚕的安全性,采用浸叶法测定了4种不同剂型的毒死蜱对家蚕的毒性及其对家蚕中毒症状的观察统计。结果表明:45%毒死蜱乳油、15%毒死蜱颗粒剂、25%毒死蜱微乳剂和36%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂对2龄家蚕96 h的LC_(50)值分别是0.176 mg/L、0.452 mg/L、1.76 mg/L和2.84 mg/L;45%毒死蜱乳油和15%毒死蜱颗粒剂为剧毒,25%毒死蜱微乳剂和36%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂为高毒,其中微囊悬浮剂对家蚕的毒性最小。经药剂处理后,家蚕的中毒症状主要有吐液、侧卧以及体色发黑。虽然4种不同剂型中毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂毒性最小,但其仍属于高毒,因此,建议毒死蜱远离桑园及桑园附近农田使用,尤其是家蚕饲养盛期。     

Alteration of Skin Properties with Autologous Dermal Fibroblasts

Dermal fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells found between the skin epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. They are primarily responsible for synthesizing collagen and glycosaminoglycans; components of extracellular matrix supporting the structural integrity of the skin. Dermal fibroblasts play a pivotal role in cutaneous wound healing and skin repair. Preclinical studies suggest wider applications of dermal fibroblasts ranging from skin based indications to non-skin tissue regeneration in tendon repair. One clinical application for autologous dermal fibroblasts has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) while others are in preclinical development or various stages of regulatory approval. In this context, we outline the role of fibroblasts in wound healing and discuss recent advances and the current development pipeline for cellular therapies using autologous dermal fibroblasts. The microanatomic and phenotypic differences of fibroblasts occupying particular locations within the skin are reviewed, emphasizing the therapeutic relevance of attributes exhibited by subpopulations of fibroblasts. Special focus is provided to fibroblast characteristics that define regional differences in skin, including the thick and hairless skin of the palms and soles as compared to hair-bearing skin. This regional specificity and functional identity of fibroblasts provides another platform for developing regional skin applications such as the induction of hair follicles in bald scalp or alteration of the phenotype of stump skin in amputees to better support their prosthetic devices.     

Circulating YKL-40 Level,but not CHI3L1 Gene Variants,Is Associated with Atherosclerosis-Related Quantitative Traits and the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease

YKL-40, a pleotropic cytokine, is emerging as a risk factor and a prognostic predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We attempted to elucidate the genetic, clinical and biochemical correlates of circulating YKL-40 level and, by combining it with CHI3L1 gene variants, with the risk and long-term mortality of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Plasma YKL-40 concentrations were measured in 612 Taiwanese individuals who had no clinically overt systemic disease. Clinical parameters, CHI3L1 gene promoter variants and 18 biomarker levels were analyzed. Eighty-six PAD patients were further enrolled for analysis. Significant associations were found between CHI3L1 genotypes/haplotypes and YKL-40 levels for the health examination subjects (smallest p = 8.36 × 10⁻⁷ for rs4950928 and smallest p = 1.72 × 10⁻¹⁰ for haplotype TGG) and also for PAD patients. For the health examination subjects, circulating YKL-40 level, but not CHI3L1 gene variants, were positively associated with age, smoking, and circulating levels of triglyceride, lipocalin 2 and multiple inflammatory biomarkers and negatively associated with low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Circulating YKL-40 level is also significantly associated with the risk of PAD (p = 3.3 × 10⁻²³). Circulating YKL40 level, but not CHI3L1 gene promoter variants, is associated with the risk of PAD in Taiwanese. The association of YKL-40 levels with multiple quantitative traits relating to the risk of PAD may provide a molecular basis linking YKL-40 to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.     

相对流速对316L钢焊缝在液态铅铋合金中腐蚀行为的影响

在核工业领域,316L不锈钢因其优异的性能常被作为核用钢种,液态铅铋合金常作为加速器次临界驱动系统(ADS)的冷却剂,高速流动的液态铅铋合金(LBE)会对316L不锈钢焊缝造成氧化腐蚀,同时氧化腐蚀后的产物也会对液态LBE造成污染,所以研究316L不锈钢焊缝在液态铅铋合金中的腐蚀行为具有重要意义. 文中对比研究了使用母材作为焊丝进行TIG焊的316L不锈钢焊缝在550 ℃动态(相对流速为1.70,2.31,2.98 m/s)液态LBE中的耐腐蚀性能,试验时间为1 500 h. 结果表明,三组试样都生成了双氧化层,外氧化层主要为Fe₃O₄,内氧化层主要为FeCr₂O₄,内氧化层相对于外氧化层较致密;随着流速的提高,元素的传质过程变快,氧化腐蚀加剧,内氧化层增厚.     

316L不锈钢激光瞬时退火软化工艺研究

目的解决冲压中加工硬化导致的高强度低塑性的问题。方法提出以矩形光斑的温控模式激光为热源,对工件进行选区瞬时退火,达到局部软化的目的。通过金相显微分析、显微硬度分析、力学拉伸及断口分析,分别评价激光瞬时退火软化后试样显微组织、显微硬度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率和断口形貌。结果金相组织显示,不同工艺条件下的晶粒大致呈现变形晶粒、再结晶晶粒、细小晶粒和较大等轴晶4种状态。由显微硬度可知,固溶态母材硬度为173HV0.2,加工硬化后达到341HV0.2。当激光温控温度为1400℃,扫描速度分别为5、10、15 mm/s时,软化处理后硬度分别为164、173、257HV0.2。而扫描速度一定时,激光温控温度越高,软化处理后硬度越低。对试样做室温拉伸试验发现,激光瞬时退火后强度降低,塑性提高。当温控温度为1400℃,扫描速度为5 mm/s时,抗拉强度由加工硬化后的911 MPa下降到591 MPa,接近固溶态母材的570 MPa,断后伸长率由18.2%恢复到54.7%,达到固溶态母材的95.5%。结论激光瞬时退火软化可有效降低加工硬化后的材料强度,提高材料塑性,使其恢复大变形能力。其软化程度随激光温控温度的降低、激光扫描速度的提高而降低,在较优工艺参数下,激光瞬时软化后性能甚至优于母材性能。     

Disparities in exploitative and exploratory patenting performance across regions: Focusing on the roles of agglomeration externalities

We try to identify the determinants of regional variation in both exploitative and exploratory innovative competencies. Hereby, we focus on how a knowledge-creation mechanism with specialized externalities differs from one with diversified externalities. Innovative competence in the US is measured by local patenting performance; exploitative and exploratory patenting performances are distinguished by the degree of backward citation. Based on the extended knowledge-production function, including the two agglomeration externalities, our findings show that specialized externalities are associated with exploitation, while diversified externalities are positively related with both exploration and exploitation, regardless of industrial sectors.     

A look behind the curtain: Measuring the complex economic effects of regional structural funds in Germany

This paper investigates the mutual impact channels of Germany's major regional policy instrument (GRW) on regional economic development. Different from earlier studies which have predominately focused on a partial assessment of output effects, we explicitly endogenize the factor inputs of the underlying production function. This allows us to comprehensively assess the role of the GRW in driving per capita output, employment, human and physical capital intensities as well as the region's technological growth. The results from a spatial panel vector autoregressive model show that GRW funding has significant positive effects on regional output, the employment rate and human capital intensity.     

An interpretation of the changes in demographic behaviour at a sub-national level using spatial measures in post-socialist countries: A case study of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

The transformation of fertility and family behaviour in post-socialist countries was quick and the changes were striking. An account of the changes is the subject of dispute and the mechanisms have still not been explained in a fully satisfying manner. Relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in spatial aspects concerning the broadening of changes in family behaviour. The aim of this paper is to answer the question as to whether changes spread stochastically in post-socialist countries or if there are obvious spatial patterns. The study tries to answer the questions whether there are any cores of changes which may be understood as innovations, if there is any spatial clustering and if the extent is hierarchically arranged.     

区域建筑业发展竞争力动态评价研究——基于时序全局主成分分析

建筑业与区域经济发展具有高度关联性,并且随着地区经济发展更多地呈现出产业触及面广、多动力驱动发展以及差异性的特点。结合区域经济和建筑业发展的关联性,从影响建筑业发展的内外部因素方面入手构建区域建筑业发展竞争力动态评价指标体系,以时间为发展轴基于时序全局主成分分析和层次聚类分析对区域建筑业发展竞争力进行动态评价、分等级排序。研究结果表明,各省市建筑业发展竞争力来源方向具有差异性,并且处于动态的变化之中,与之相关的竞争力指标除建筑业本身的规模之外,也与地区经济、社会发展水平等密切相关,通过分析建筑业竞争力来源的差异性为提高建筑业发展水平提出合理化建议。